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Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-099-006
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 22, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and White House staffers. This short conversation takes place after a Railroad Works meeting ends. Participants discuss U.S. relations with Europe concerning the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 99, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 99 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-099-004
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 19, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and others who are unidentified, seemingly White House staffers. This seems to be an informal discussion involving the upcoming production of Polaris submarines. It is a short conversation that takes place after the end of a meeting with Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John McCone. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 99, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 99 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-099-003
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 19, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John McCone, Dr. Donald Chamberlain, Dr. Albert Wheelon, and Dr. Brockway McMillan. They discuss various intelligence subjects and the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). Please note that this meeting has been exempted from declassification under NLK-05-005-7-1-5 and is not available for research use.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-099-002
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 19, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force General Curtis LeMay. They discuss nuclear testing, the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), and Portuguese Africa. Please note that this entire meeting has been submitted to the appropriate agencies for review under NLK-08-210 and is presently unavailable for research use. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 99, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 99 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-099-001
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 19, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations James Reynolds, Special Counsel to the President Theodore Sorensen, and Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon. They discuss the ongoing labor situation with railroad workers, a dispute over work rules. Please note that this meeting was opened in November 1985 as part of the Railroad Works Dispute tape release. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 99, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 99 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-098-004
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 18, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Under Secretary of State George Ball, Ambassador at Large Llewellyn Thompson, Director United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) William Foster, and Special Assistant Ben Read from the Department of State. This meeting provides a forum in which President Kennedy and his staff review the “withdrawal clause” in the drafts of the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), and how it might be received in the United States Congress. There is also discussion on how and when to approach the United Kingdom, France, and Germany and related foreign policy issues with each of these countries. Near the meeting’s end there is also discussion about keeping the test ban treaty and the non aggression pact negotiations as separate and distinct entities. Four segments of the recording totaling 2 minutes and 11 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 98, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding this one. See Related Records to access Tape 98in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-098-003
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 18, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Ambassador to the United Nations (U.N.) Adlai Stevenson, Deputy Ambassador to the U.N. Charles W. Yost, Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs Harlan Cleveland, Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs G. Mennen Williams, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Frank Sloan, Legal Advisor for the Department of State Abram Chayes, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs William Bundy. The meeting focuses on the steps to be taken in the United Nations pertaining to a resolution on self-determination for Portuguese Africa. Topics include the wording of the resolution, the setup of any mediation, the level of U.S. involvement, the possible effect on the Azores base, an arms embargo, and the effect of all of these matters on U.S. foreign policy with African nations and with Portugal. Four segments of the recording totaling 2 minutes and 11 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 98, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 98 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-098-002
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 16, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Under Secretary of State George Ball, Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs Richard Holton, Administrator of the Agency for International Development (AID) David Bell, Chief United States Trade Negotiator Christian Herter, member of the Council of Economic Advisers Walter Heller, Director of the Bureau of the Budget Kermit Gordon, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy, Special Counsel to the President Theodore Sorensen, and Under Secretary of Commerce Franklin Roosevelt, Jr. The discussions concerning the balance of payments are similar to discussions in a meeting the previous day, only in a larger group. Actions by the Federal Reserve as well as the President’s Special Message to Congress on the Balance of Payments are also covered. In addition, military budget cuts in personnel and in aid, and export-trade difficulties are discussed in detail. Two segments of the recording totaling 2 minutes have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 98, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 98 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-098-001
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 15, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon, Walter Heller from the Council of Economic Advisers, Director of the Bureau of the Budget Kermit Gordon, Chairman of the Federal Reserve System Board of Governors William McChesney Martin, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs Robert Roosa, and Under Secretary of Commerce Franklin Roosevelt, Jr. They discuss balance of payments issues and the effect on the deficit. There are also discussions about an increase in the short term rate. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 98, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 98 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-097-005
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 12, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman, Special Representative for Trade Negotiations Christian Herter, Under Secretary of State George Ball, Deputy Special Representative for Trade Negotiations W. Michael Blumenthal, and Roland Renne. They discuss trade issues with Europe. Poultry and California wine are mentioned specifically. The quality of this recording is poor. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 97, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding this one. See Related Records to access Tape 97 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-097-004
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 11, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy, and Deputy Special Assistant to the President Walt Rostow. They discuss a possible meeting on nuclear test ban negotiations with Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev, French President Charles DeGaulle, and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. The negotiations concern the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). President Kennedy describes Premier Khrushchev’s personality. One segment of the recording totaling 1 minute and 30 seconds has been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 97, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 97 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-097-002
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 10, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, the new Ambassador to the United States from Guatemala Dr. Carlos Garcia Bauer, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Edwin Martin, and Chief of Protocol from the Department of State Angier Biddle Duke. President Kennedy and Dr. Garcia Bauer share a brief greeting and an exchange of gifts at the White House, Washington, D.C. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 97, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 97 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-096-006
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 9, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. They discuss civil rights situations taking place in several cities. Please note that this meeting was opened in July 1984 as part of the "Civil Rights 1963" tape release. Also note that the discussions are very difficult to hear. After the Civil Rights meeting ends, the remainder of the recording on Reel 3 is simply office noises and drilling sounds, lasting approximately 30 minutes. Four segments of the recording totaling 27 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 96, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 96 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-096-005
Sound recording of two meetings held on July 9, 1963, concerning negotiations on the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). Specifically discussed is Under Secretary of State W. Averell Harriman’s upcoming mission to Moscow. The first is the larger National Security Council (NSC) meeting held in the Cabinet Room, White House, Washington, D.C. Participants in the first meeting include President John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) William Foster, Assistant Director of the ACDA Adrian Fisher, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Glenn Seaborg, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John McCone, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense John McNaughton, Military Representative of the President Maxwell Taylor, member of the National Security Council (NSC) Edward McDermott, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Under Secretary of State George Ball, Under Secretary of State Averell Harriman, Ambassador at Large Llewellyn Thompson, Assistant Secretary of State William R. Tyler, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon, Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (USIA) Donald Wilson, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy, Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Nitze, Deputy Special Assistant to the President Carl Kaysen, and Executive Director of the National Security Council (NSC) Bromley Smith. The second meeting is held in the Oval Office of the White House immediately following the NSC meeting. Participants in the second meeting include President John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara and Military Representative of the President Maxwell Taylor. In the second meeting, issues the Kennedy Administration is having with Congress and the Joint Chiefs concerning the test ban are discussed in detail. After the Oval Office meeting concludes, there is approximately ten minutes of hallway conversations and drilling sounds. Seven segments of the recording totaling 2 minutes and 29 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 96, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 96 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-096-003
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 8, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota, Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, Senator Joseph Lister Hill of Alabama, Senator Pat McNamara of Michigan, Senator Warren Magnuson of Washington, Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma, Representative Carl Perkins of Kentucky, Representative Phil Landrum of Georgia, and Representative Oren Harris of Arkansas. They discuss an ongoing labor dispute concerning railroad workers and work rules. Please note that this meeting was opened in November 1985 as part of the Railroad Works Dispute tape release. At the end of the meeting, the tape cuts in and out several times and there are office noises and hallway conversations for about five minutes. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 96, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 96 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-096-001
Sound recording of a meeting held on July 3, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Under Secretary of State George Ball, Under Secretary of State W. Averell Harriman, Assistant Secretary of State William R. Tyler, Military Representative of the President Maxwell Taylor, Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) William Foster, Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, Deputy Special Assistant to the President Carl Kaysen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense John McNaughton, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John McCone, Ambassador at Large Llewellyn Thompson, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Nitze, Assistant Director of ACDA Adrian Fisher, and Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy. This meeting takes place in the late afternoon (another meeting had taken place earlier in the day). The main topic of conversation is Averell Harriman's upcoming mission to Moscow for negotiations on a treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), and how those negotiations would or could affect relationships between the United States and West Germany and its Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, France and its President Charles DeGaulle, and the United Kingdom and its Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. Ideas for letters from President Kennedy to Chancellor Adenauer are also discussed. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 96, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 96 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-090-003
Sound recording of a meeting held on June 1, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Anthony J. Celebrezze; Commissioner of Education at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Francis Keppel; General Counsel at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Alanson W. Willcox; Assistant Secretary (for Legislation) at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Wilbur J. Cohen; Assistant Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare James Quigley; Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Rights Division at the Department of Justice Burke Marshall; Civil Rights and Political Advisor and Deputy Chairman of the Democratic National Committee Louis Martin; Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence F. O’Brien; Special Counsel to the President Theodore Sorensen; and Assistant Special Counsel to the President Lee C. White. This meeting concerns civil rights issues, including the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Equal Accommodations Bill, the public school education bill, the timing of sending these bills to Congress, the legal steps of the Attorney General, and what information to include in the President’s message to the country. After the meeting ends, the rest of the recording is blank. This meeting was previously opened in the "Civil Rights 1963" release in the 1980s. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 90, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 90 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-090-002
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 31, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs U. Alexis Johnson, Director of the Office of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs in the Department of State William C. Burdett, Advisor Richard Helms, and Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy. Please note that most of the British Guiana discussion remains closed, though a small portion of the meeting is open. There is also a discussion about Haiti, specifically about the possible return of United States Ambassador Raymond L. Thurston to Haiti and about President Francois Duvalier. The closed portions have been submitted to the appropriate agencies for review. Four segments of the recording totaling 10 minutes and 41 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 90, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 90 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-090-001
Sound recording of part of a meeting held on May 28, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs Paul-Henri Spaak. This meeting begins on Tape 89. They continue to discuss relations between the United States and Europe, the Multilateral Force (MLF), and President Kennedy’s upcoming trip to Europe. Mr. Spaak speaks in French and is the main speaker at the meeting. President Kennedy’s interpreter can be heard only in whispers, making it difficult to discern any content. Mainly office noises and hallway conversations follow the meeting for about 14 minutes. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 90, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 90 in its entirety or the beginning of this recording on Tape 89.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-089-007
Sound recording of part of a meeting held on May 28, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs Paul-Henri Spaak. They discuss relations between the United States and Europe, the Multilateral Force (MLF), and President Kennedy’s upcoming trip to Europe. Mr. Spaak speaks in French and is the main speaker at the meeting. President Kennedy’s interpreter can be heard only in whispers, making it difficult to discern any content. The recording of this meeting ends abruptly and continues on Tape 90. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 89, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding this one. See Related Records to access Tape 89 in its entirety or the remainder of this recording on Tape 90.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-089-005
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 28, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and Foreign Minister of the Netherlands Joseph Luns. In this long talk they banter about issues such as the Multilateral Force (MLF), Europe, and the future of European-U.S. relations. The tone of this meeting is surprisingly informal. Two segments of the recording totaling 35 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 89, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 89 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-089-004
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 28, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy, Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency William Foster, and Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs William R. Tyler. The main subject of the meeting is Europe and specifically the current situation concerning the Multilateral Force (MLF). An interview that morning with German minister Kai-Uwe von Hassel has President Kennedy quite concerned over Germany and prospects for the MLF. The group also is working on gaining British support for the MLF; a draft letter to British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan is reviewed. Near the end of the meeting the treaty banning atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, later known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) or the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), and possible upcoming negotiations on the treaty are debated, with President Kennedy taking a pessimistic view of the prospects for success of the negotiations. Four segments of the recording totaling 57 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 89, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 89 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-089-002
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 25, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. They discuss European Defense and Canadian/European balance of payments issues. Soon after the meeting begins President Kennedy takes a 14-minute telephone call with Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, during which President Kennedy is provided with a synopsis of the previous day’s meeting in New York between Attorney General Kennedy, Lena Horne, Harry Belafonte, James Baldwin and other black leaders who met to discuss the present civil rights situation in Alabama. Please note that only the President’s side of the conversation can be heard in this recording. Meeting discussions resume after the telephone call. Three segments of the recording totaling 1 minutes and 51 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 89, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 89 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-089-001
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 24, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, and Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy. The first topic is an overview of the discussions that took place in Ottawa, Ontario, at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) North Atlantic Council Ministerial meeting. Specifically President Kennedy wants to know how much genuine interest there was in Europe for the Multilateral Force (MLF). President Kennedy next discusses the upcoming meeting with French Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville. Congress and the United Arab Republic’s Abu Simbel temples are also briefly mentioned before the discussion turns to Israeli nuclear development. Seven segments of the recording totaling 6 minutes and 47 seconds have been removed in accordance with Section 3.4 (b) (1), (3) of Executive Order 12958. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 89, which contains additional sound recording(s) following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 89 in its entirety.
Sound recording
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.
JFKPOF-MTG-088-004
Sound recording of a meeting held on May 20, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Assistant Attorney General from the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division Burke Marshall, Assistant Special Counsel to the President Lee C. White, and Special Counsel to the President Theodore Sorensen. The discussion provides an overview of civil rights legislative proposals (accommodations, schools, federal jobs) and the political fights they will cause in Congress and with the states. An overview of recent civil rights demonstrations is also provided. Please note that the recording of this meeting was previously made available in the Civil Rights 1963 release in the 1980s. This sound recording has been excerpted from Tape 88, which contains additional sound recording(s) preceding and following this one. See Related Records to access Tape 88 in its entirety.